Python: JSON, types, and dicts

json.loads/dumps, dict key sets, and the action object {tool, args} used everywhere on Joeven.

JSON is the wire format of agents. Python's json module is stdlib.

Loads and dumps

Call	Use
`json.loads(s)`	string → object
`json.dumps(obj)`	object → string
`json.dumps(obj, sort_keys=True, separators=(",", ":"))`	canonical string for hashes
`json.dumps(obj, indent=2)`	debug only (not for digests)

Allowed JSON types: dict, list, str, int, float, bool, None. Not allowed: set, tuple (becomes list), custom classes.

python

import json
json.loads(class="tok-s">'{"tool":"geocode","args":{"city":"Paris"}}')
json.dumps({class="tok-s">"b": 1, class="tok-s">"a": 2}, sort_keys=True)

Action object

Require exact keys:

set(obj.keys()) == {"tool", "args"}

Check	Fail closed
not a dict	parse error
extra keys	parse error (injection hideout)
`tool` not str	parse error
`args` not dict	parse error

Dict patterns

Pattern	Meaning
`d.get(k)`	missing → `None`
`d.get(k, default)`	missing → default
`k in d`	membership
`dict(d)`	shallow copy
`{**d, k: v}`	copy with override

Tip:Never eval JSON. Never json.loads on a value you already parsed into a dict.

Errors

json.JSONDecodeError is a ValueError. Catch both in parse retries. Do not catch Exception around tool bodies or you will hide bugs.